Tricks With Digits


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Tricks With Digits

Trick 1:

Adding the number and its reverse number.

Step 1: Choose a 2 digit number. Let us take 34

Step 2: Now reverse the digits. We get 43

Step 3: Add the two digits . we get 34 + 43 = 77

Step 4 : Divide the sum by 11. We get 77 div 11 = 7

Step 5 : The quotient will always be equal to the sum of digits that is 3 and 4 in this case

Justification:

Consider a two digit number overline{ab} having ones and tens digits as b and a respectively. On reversing the digits of this number , we obtain a two digit number overline{ba}.

In expanded form, we have

              overline{ab}= 10a+b

and,     overline{ba}= 10b+a

Adding (i) and (ii) , we get

        overline{ab}+overline{ba}=(10a+b)+(10b+a)

Rightarrow ;;overline{ab}+overline{ba}=(11a)+(11b)

Rightarrow ;;overline{ab}+overline{ba}=11(a+b)

Rightarrow ;;frac{overline{ab}+overline{ba}}{11}=a+b;;and;;frac{overline{ab}+overline{ba}}{a+b}=11

Thus, overline{ab}+overline{ba} is completely divisible by 11 and the quotient is a+b.

Also, it is divisible by a+b and in that case the quotient is 11.

In other words, the sum of any two digit number overline{ab}  and the number  overline{ba} by reversing its digits is completely divisible by

(i) the sum a+b of its digits and the quotient is 11.

(ii) 11 and the quotient is a+b i.e., the sum of its digits.

Trick 2:

Subtracting the number and its reverse number.

Step 1: Choose a 2 digit number. Let us take 28

Step 2: Now reverse the digits. We get 82

Step 3: Subtract the smaller number from the bigger number . We get  82 - 28= 54

Step 4 : Divide the difference by 9. We get 54 div 9 = 6

Step 5 : The quotient will always be equal to the difference of the greater digit and the smaller digit that is 8 and 2 in this case. 8 -2 = 6

Justification:

Consider a two digit number overline{ab} having ones and tens digits as b and a respectively. On reversing the digits of this number , we obtain a two digit number overline{ba}.

In expanded form, we have

              overline{ab}= 10a+b

and,     overline{ba}= 10b+a

Subtracting (ii) from (i) , we get

overline{ba}-overline{ba}=(10a+b)-(10b+a)

Rightarrow ;;overline{ab}-overline{ba}=(9a)-(9b)

Rightarrow ;;overline{ab}-overline{ba}=9(a-b)

Rightarrow ;;frac{overline{ab}-overline{ba}}{9}=a-b;and;frac{overline{ab}-overline{ba}}{a-b}=9

Thus, overline{ab}-overline{ba} is exactly divisible by 9 and the quotient is a- b i.e. the difference of the digits.

Also, overline{ab}-overline{ba} is exactly divisible by a- b (difference of digits) and the quotient is 9.

Illustration 1: Without performing actual addition and division find the quotient when the sum of 79 and 97 is divided by (i) 16 (ii) 11.

Solution:  The two numbers  79 and 97 are such that one can be obtained reversing the digits of the other.

Therefore, their sum when divided by the sum of the digits i.e. 7 + 9 = 16, we obtain 11 as the quotient .

If the sum of these two numbers is divided by 11, we get 7 + 9 ( sum of the digits) =16 as the quotient.

Illustration 2 : Without performing actual calculation find the quotient when the difference of 73 and 37 is divided by (i) 4 (ii) 9.

Solution:  The two numbers  73 and 37 are such that one can be obtained reversing the digits of the other.

Therefore, their difference 73 - 37 = 36 when divided by the difference of the digits i.e. 7 - 3 = 4, we obtain 9 as the quotient .

If the difference 73 - 37 = 36 is divided by 9, we get 7 - 3 ( difference of the digits) = 4  as the quotient.

Sample Questions
(More Questions for each concept available in Login)
Question : 1

Without performing actual addition and division find the quotient when the sum of 72 and 27 is divided by 11

Right Option : B
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Explanation
Question : 2

Without performing actual addition and division find the quotient when the sum of 95 and 59 is divided by 11

Right Option : C
View Explanation
Explanation
Question : 3

Without performing actual addition and division find the quotient when the sum of 68 and 86 is divided by 11

Right Option : C
View Explanation
Explanation
 
 
 


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